“文化记号”之上：在文字油彩间碰见真实的中国

编者按：在文化对传说播的历程中，“记号”相通演出着进攻的破冰者变装。当下，凝练的文化标志正牵引着番邦公众的神经，引发他们对中国文化越发浓厚的兴致。在中国宋庆龄基金会的“文化小大使”行径现场继承采访的俄罗斯密斯塔莎，等于在一些文化记号的影响下，运行了对中国文化的探索，用真实的感悟勾画出一个愈加立体全面的中国形象。

塔莎（ШаховаТаисияАлексеевна）来自俄罗斯，本年照旧是她学习华文的第五年。她学习华文的机会，来自与母亲交谈时一句浅薄的“我思学华文”。在母亲友友的匡助下，塔莎很快踏上了学习华文之旅。天然与中国的分缘始于一个惟恐，但在这五年间，塔莎对中国文化的兴致越来越浓厚。“我很可爱旅游，绝顶是思来中国。”尽管华文体习充满挑战，但塔莎莫得捣毁：“我但愿能听懂当地东说念主讲话，这是我陆续学习的能源。”

图为塔莎继承采访现场

行为塔莎战斗中国的伊始，“华文”匡助她掀开了一扇与中国对话的大门。跟着学习的不休深入，那些生分的文字记号徐徐与她对中国文化的印象对应起来。“‘好意思食’和‘熊猫’这些词汇是我主动学习的，”塔莎回忆说念，“因为我的确很可爱它们。”在中国好意思食中，她最可爱小葱拌豆腐。“这说念菜浅薄又很容易制作，我常常作念给我的家东说念主吃。”除此以外，塔莎还学会煎蛋和熬粥，她但愿将更多的中国滋味带回家。而当话题转向熊猫时，塔莎的嘴角便止不住地上扬：“它们的确太可儿了！”为了熊猫，她还专门了解了“熊猫梓里”——四川，“我知说念何处有很是著名的暖锅！”天然塔莎此行未能见到熊猫，但暖锅早已被列入她的好意思食计较。

图为塔莎在采访现场愉快地接过熊猫玩偶

无论是好意思剧、韩剧中频繁出现的中餐镜头，照旧实践生涯中遍布各地的中餐馆，中国管制凭借其千百年来积淀的烹调贤人，冲突了语言与地域的波折，得到寰宇门客的扎眼。“大熊猫”行为中国专有的文化表征早已罕见其生物属性，成为中国对外宣传中极具辨识度的文化记号。从早期的“熊猫社交”到2022年北京冬奥会爆火的“冰墩墩”，熊猫凭借其憨态可掬的形象，俘获了寰宇各地东说念主们的心，成为当之无愧的“行家顶流”。“中国好意思食”与“大熊猫”正以其特有的亲和力，向寰宇展现出友好、包容的中国形象。被这些文化记号“顺服”的番邦后生东说念主也远不啻塔莎一东说念主。

在构建外洋传播叙事体系的配景下，通晓度和扎眼度同等进攻。为了让更多番邦东说念主了解中国，咱们需要打造出有名气的文化记号。《寰球民心指数——左近国度篇（2024）》指出，连年来中国文化记号在左近国度公众中的理会度和影响力捏续增强。其中，长城、技击（中国功夫）和春节的理会比例最高，中国管制、汉语（汉字）、熊猫等也受到了等闲爱护。这些文化记号灵验缩小了跨文化领略的门槛，构建起番邦公众对中国文化的初步印象。

图为左近国度公众最了解的10个中国文化记号（单元：%）

在文化对传说播的历程中，文化记号犹如一张张柬帖，让外界快速识别出中国文化。天然，如若传播仅停留在记号展示层面，则容易被简化为单薄的标签。“记号”不错行为文化对话的最先，但毫不应成为非常。实在的文化传播不仅要依赖记号的重叠输出，更应效劳创造躬行体验和互动交流的机会，让番邦友东说念主完成从“了解文化记号”到“领略中国文化”的潜入转念。

图为番邦搭客在中国体验非遗文化

采访前，塔莎用“故宫”“熊猫”“丝绸”“茶”等词汇描摹了对中国的印象。在这次中国之行中，她进一步尝试了书道、国画与京剧等文化行径。这些经验天然不及以让她齐备地领略中国文化，却距离她学习华文的初志更进一步——听懂当地东说念主讲话，走进真实的中国。

 

图为塔莎在中国印象·沙龙行径现场

在行径体验中，塔莎感受到的不仅仅一个个书面上的文化记号：当手指轻触态状沉山河的宣纸肌理，当京剧戏服与行头披在T恤衫以外，那些被语言统称为“中国风”的文化元素，带着温度与呼吸向番邦东说念主展现出鲜美的文化人命力。亲历的时辰如同涓涓细流冲刷着文化隔膜的壁垒，最终在别国体验者的精神寰宇留住一个立体而鲜美的中国印象。 

累赘剪辑：何博媛

Beyond Cultural Symbols: Encountering the Real China Through Personal Experience

Editor's Note: In the process of international cultural dissemination, "symbols" often play a crucial role as icebreakers. Currently, these concise cultural identifiers are capturing the attention of foreign audiences, sparking their increasingly strong interest in Chinese culture. Tasha, a Russian participant interviewed at the China Soong Ching Ling Foundation's Junior Cultural Ambassadors event, began her exploration of Chinese culture influenced by these symbols, and through her genuine experiences, she is now painting a more comprehensive and three-dimensional picture of China.

Tasha (Шахова Таисия Алексеевна) from Russia is in her fifth year of learning Chinese. Her journey into Chinese began with a simple sentence to her mother: "I want to learn Chinese." With the help of her mother's friend, Tasha quickly embarked on her Chinese learning journey. Although her initial connection with China was coincidental, over these past five years, Tasha's interest in Chinese culture has grown stronger. "I love traveling, especially to China," she says. Despite the challenges of learning Chinese, Tasha hasn't given up: "I hope to understand what locals are saying; that's my motivation to keep learning."

As Tasha's introduction to China, the Chinese language helped her open a door to dialogue with the country. As her studies deepened, those unfamiliar characters gradually corresponded with her impressions of Chinese culture. "'Food' and 'panda' were words I actively learned," Tasha recalled, "because I really like them." Among Chinese dishes, her favorite is cold tofu with chopped green onions（小葱拌豆腐）. "This dish is simple and easy to make; I often cook it for my family." Besides this, Tasha has also learned to fry eggs and cook porridge, hoping to bring more Chinese flavors home. When the topic turned to pandas, Tasha couldn't help but smile. "They are so cute!" For the sake of pandas, she specifically learned about "the hometown of pandas" – Sichuan. "I know there's very famous hot pot there!" Although Tasha couldn't see pandas on this trip, hot pot has already been added to her culinary plans.

Whether it's the frequent appearances of Chinese food in American and Korean dramas, or the ubiquitous Chinese restaurants in real life, Chinese cuisine, with its culinary wisdom accumulated over thousands of years, has broken down language and regional barriers, winning the hearts of diners worldwide. The "Giant Panda," as a unique cultural representation of China, has long transcended its biological attributes, becoming a highly recognizable cultural symbol in China's external promotion. From early "Panda Diplomacy" to the viral "Bing Dwen Dwen" at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, pandas, with their endearing image, have captivated people around the world, becoming true "global icons." "Chinese cuisine" and "Giant Pandas" are using their unique approachability to present a friendly and inclusive image of China to the world. And Tasha is far from the only foreign young person "conquered" by these cultural symbols.

In the context of constructing an international communication narrative system, awareness and liking are equally important. To enable more foreigners to understand China, we need to create readily recognizable cultural symbols. The Global Public Opinion Index – Neighboring Countries (2024) points out that in recent years, the recognition and influence of Chinese cultural symbols among the public in neighboring countries have continued to increase. Among them, the Great Wall, Wushu (Chinese Kung Fu), and the Spring Festival have the highest recognition rates, while Chinese cuisine, Chinese language (characters), and pandas have also received widespread attention. These cultural symbols effectively lower the threshold for cross-cultural understanding, thereby building a preliminary impression of Chinese culture among foreign publics.

In the process of international cultural dissemination, cultural symbols are like business cards, allowing the outside world to quickly identify Chinese culture. Of course, if dissemination only stays at the level of symbol display, it can easily be reduced to superficial labels. "Symbols" can be the starting point for cultural dialogue, but they should never be the end. True cultural communication should not only rely on the repeated output of symbols but also focus on creating opportunities for personal experience and interactive communication, allowing foreign friends to complete a profound transformation from "understanding cultural symbols" to "understanding Chinese culture."

Before the interview, Tasha described her impressions of China using words like "Forbidden City," "panda," "silk," and "tea." During this trip to China, she further tried cultural activities such as calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting, and Peking Opera. Although these experiences are not enough for her to fully understand Chinese culture, they bring her closer to her original intention of learning Chinese – understanding what locals say and stepping into the real China.

During the activity, Tasha felt more than just abstract cultural symbols. When her fingers lightly touched the texture of Xuan paper（宣纸） depicting a thousand miles of rivers and mountains, and when Peking Opera costumes and headwear were draped over her T-shirt, those cultural elements collectively referred to as "Chinese style" in language, displayed a vibrant cultural vitality to foreigners with warmth and breath. These personal moments were like trickling streams washing away the barriers of cultural differences, ultimately leaving a three-dimensional and vivid impression of China in the minds of foreign culture experiencers.